Headlights – A short story

You're paying attention? So there's been this accident so there's been this accident nearby. Very sad. On the telly. Mum watched it this odd expression on her face – strange isn't it – but then you know how these things affect her. Good thing really. That she wasn't there I mean. It was on our way home on our way home that it happened. The accident. Poor brown-haired green-eyed boy. How they described him on the telly. Obviously I didn't get a good look at him. Maybe you did. The car just didn't stop. So I'm sat here and – I just can't console her. Mum. Tried to comfort her – honest. I wish I could just explain things to her but she ignores me stone still. It hurts to see her like this. Just because the police haven't caught the driver yet. All my friends gathered into groups at the scene of the accident but I can't hear what they're saying. Sometimes I think they look at me. No one comes over though. It's not like I did anything wrong! You know that. So now I'm sat here and so now – Sat on the floor in my bedroom. Lara. Sat on my bed. Sat on my bed quiet as I play and sing. For her. You and Ladyface have left â€Å"to go get some drinks†. So subtle. You come back a little later. Later enough. Such a nice day it is with the Sun and all you know. Good that we all have some free time. And we've been talking talking like we should like friends. You won't come back though not now. That's just a memory. A goodbye-memory. You always liked memories talking about them all the time as you did. Said they were important. Can't forget each other we make each other. So I'm trying to remember – honest. No one wants to hear me talk about our memories though. Forever in my memory. Inside my head. Laughing and crying. We always did everything together always. Remember pretending to drive in the garden in the house? Racing round and round. Laughing. There are no accidents when you're five no accidents which a plaster doesn't mend. Learning to drive. Always thought you'd have been better on the road. And crying. You liked Lara as well – didn't know that to begin with. Taught to stop for red lights. â€Å"Hold my hand† sort of stuff. Did Mum teach you the same? Probably. So now I'm sat here and so now I hope – Hopes and dreams. You hoped to be a model. You were smart too. Smarter and better looking. You. So of course she liked you. But she liked me as well. I sang. Played. Laughed. Cried. You'll never be a model now though. Shame about that. Lara bought flowers for me the other day. Not for you. And all the heads were red – red like love. You know that? Red – a familiar colour. Better than black. Black metal. Getting sidetracked though. This all started with the accident. No. It didn't start with the accident. It started with two boys who played pretend cars in the garden and who wanted a girl. It started with guitars and songs and leaving â€Å"to get some drinks†. I don't know when things changed. Why did they change, Joe? Our parents and friends have changed now. Too much. It was just us. We were close. Before the drumbeat. The damned drumbeat in the chest. Then we weren't close. But one drumbeat isn't playing now. You liked playing the drums. Another problem. Girls always like drummers. Oh well not this time. So now our Mum's sat there alone stone still. Occasionally the stone is shivered by sobs. They know who did it. Just a matter of time. I'm so sorry. She holds her broken heart as no one is there to hold her. Only crying. I doubt there will be laughter evermore. I'm at the road now. Won't be long. I'm looking down at my wrist. There's that bracelet stained. Those little drops. Blood. Was that from our pact? Little boys like that sort of thing – big boys like girls. Looking both ways at the road like a good boy. Nothing. Good. Good evening. The air is still heavy with the smell of Lara. Laughter still ringing in my ears. Lara didn't cry. Not before. I step into the road. There are headlights now. They weren't there before. Nothing. Blackness. Then headlights. Headlights growing larger. It looks like your red Honda. Red – a familiar colour. Why are you accelerating? Why aren't I running? Crack. Red – a familiar colour. So now I'm sat crumpled here and so now I hope that you never escape. So now I'm sat crumpled here and so now I hope you're running the rest of your days. So now I'm sat crumpled here and so now I hope she'll hate you. We always did everything together always. So die with me.

Steps to Success

1. Books are concentrated sources of wisdom. The more books you read, the more wisdom you expose yourself to. What are some books you can start reading to enrich yourself? Some books I’ve read and found useful are Think and Grow Rich, Who Moved My Cheese, 7 Habits, The Science of Getting Rich and Living the 80/20 Way. I’ve heard positive reviews for The Tipping Point, Outliers and The Difference Maker, so I’ll be checking them out soon. 2. Learn a new language. As a Singaporean Chinese, my main languages are English, Mandarin and Hokkien (a Chinese dialect). Out of interest, I took up language courses in the past few years such as Japanese and Bahasa Indonesian. I realized learning a language is a whole new skill altogether and the process of acquainting with a new language and culture is a totally a mind-opening experience. 3. Pick up a new hobby. Beyond just your usual favorite hobbies, is there something new you can pick up? Any new sport you can learn? Examples are fencing, golf, rock climbing, football, canoeing, or ice skating. Your new hobby can also be a recreational hobby. For example, pottery, Italian cooking, dancing, wine appreciation, web design, etc. Learning something new requires you to stretch yourself in different aspects, whether physically, mentally or emotionally. 4. Take up a new course. Is there any new course you can join? Courses are a great way to gain new knowledge and skills. It doesn’t have to be a long-term course – seminars or workshops serve their purpose too. I’ve been to a few workshops and they have helped me gain new insights which I had not considered before. 5. Create an inspirational room. Your environment sets the mood and tone for you. If you are living in an inspirational environment, you are going to be inspired every day. In the past, I didn’t like my room at all because I thought it was messy and dull. A few years ago, I decided this was the end of it – I started on a â€Å"Mega Room Revamp† project and overhauled my room. The end result? A room I totally relish being in and inspires me to be at my peak every day. 6. Overcome your fears. All of us have fears. Fear of uncertainty, fear of public speaking, fear of risk†¦ All our fears keep us in the same position and prevent us from growing. Recognize that your fears reflect areas where you can grow. I always think of fears as the compass for growth. If I have a fear about something, it represents something I’ve yet to address, and addressing it helps me to grow. 7. Level up your skills. If you have played video games before especially RPGs, you’ll know the concept of leveling up – gaining experience so you can be better and stronger. As a blogger, I’m constantly leveling up my writing skills. As a speaker, I’m constantly leveling up my public engagement abilities. What skills can you level up? 8. Wake up early. Waking up early (say, 5-6am) has been acknowledged by many (Anthony Robbins, Robin Sharma, among other self-help gurus) to improve your productivity and your quality of life. I feel it’s because when you wake up early, your mindset is already set to continue the momentum and proactively live out the day. Seth recently wrote a waking up early series which you should check out to help cultivate this habit. 9. Have a weekly exercise routine. A better you starts with being in better physical shape. I personally make it a point to jog at least 3 times a week, at least 30 minutes each time. You may want to mix it up with jogging, gym lessons and swimming for variation. 10. Start your life handbook. A life handbook is an idea I started 3 years ago. Basically, it’s a book which contains the essentials on how you can live your life to the fullest, such as your purpose, your values and goals. Sort of like your manual for your life. I started my life handbook since 2007 and it’s been a crucial enabler in my progress. 11. Write a letter to your future self. What do you see yourself as 5 years from now? Will you be the same? Different? What kind of person will you be? Write a letter to your future self – 1 year from now will be a good start – and seal it. Make a date in your calendar to open it 1 year from now. Then start working to become the person you want to open that letter. 12. Get out of your comfort zone. Real growth comes with hard work and sweat. Being too comfortable doesn’t help us grow – it makes us stagnate. What is your comfort zone? Do you stay in most of the time? Do you keep to your own space when out with other people? Shake your routine up. Do something different. By exposing yourself to a new context, you’re literally growing as you learn to act in new circumstances. 3. Put someone up to a challenge. Competition is one of the best ways to grow. Set a challenge (weight loss, exercise, financial challenge, etc) and compete with an interested friend to see who achieves the target first. Through the process, both of you will gain more than if you were to set off on the target alone. 14. Identify your blind spots. Scientifically, blind spots refer to areas our eyes are not capable of seeing. In personal development terms, blind spots are things about ourselves we are unaware of. Discovering our blind spots help us discover our areas of improvement. One exercise I use to discover my blind spots is to identify all the things/events/people that trigger me in a day – trigger meaning making me feel annoyed/weird/affected. These represent my blind spots. It’s always fun to do the exercise because I discover new things about myself, even if I may already think I know my own blind spots (but then they wouldn’t be blind spots would they? ). After that, I work on steps to address them. 15. Ask for feedback. As much as we try to improve, we will always have blind spots. Asking for feedback gives us an additional perspective. Some people to approach will be friends, family, colleagues, boss, or even acquaintances, since they will have no preset bias and can give their feedback objectively. 16. Stay focused with to-do lists. I start my day with a list of tasks I want to complete and this helps make me stay focused. In comparison, the days when I don’t do this end up being extremely unproductive. For example, part of my to-do list for today is to write a guest post at LifeHack. Org, and this is why I’m writing this now! Since my work requires me to use my computer all the time, I use Free Sticky Notes to manage my to-do lists. It’s really simple to use and it’s a freeware, so I recommend you check it out. 17. Set Big Hairy Audacious Goals (BHAGs). I’m a big fan of setting BHAGs. BHAGs stretch you beyond your normal capacity since they are big and audacious – you wouldn’t think of attempting them normally. What are BHAGs you can embark on, which you’ll feel absolutely on top of the world once you complete them? Set them and start working on them. 18. Acknowledge your flaws. Everyone has flaws. What’s most important is to understand them, acknowledge them, and address them. What do you think are your flaws? What are the flaws you can work on now? How do you want to address them? 19. Get into action. The best way to learn and improve is to take action. What is something you have been meaning to do? How can you take action on it immediately? Waiting doesn’t get anything done. Taking action gives you immediate results to learn from. 20. Learn from people who inspire you. Think about people you admire. People who inspire you. These people reflect certain qualities you want to have for yourself too. What are the qualities in them you want to have for yourself? How can you acquire these qualities? 21. Quit a bad habit. Are there any bad habits you can lose? Oversleeping? Not exercising? Being late? Slouching? Nail biting? Smoking? Here’s some help on how you can quit a bad habit. 22. Cultivate a new habit. Some good new habits to cultivate include reading books (#1), waking up early (#8), exercising (#9), reading a new personal development article a day (#40) and meditating. Is there any other new habit you can cultivate to improve yourself? 23. Avoid negative people. As Jim Rohn says, â€Å"You are the average of the 5 people you spend the most time with†. Wherever we go, there are bound to be negative people. Don’t spend too much of your time around them if you feel they drag you down. 24. Learn to deal with difficult people. There are times when there are difficult people you can’t avoid, such as at your workplace, or when the person is part of your inner circle of contacts. Learn how to deal with them. These people management skills will go a long way in working with people in the future. 25. Learn from your friends. Everyone has amazing qualities in them. It’s up to how we want to tap into them. With all the friends who surround you, they are going to have things you can learn from. Try thinking of a good friend right now. Think about just one quality they have which you want to adopt. How can you learn from them and adopt this skill for yourself? Speak to them if you need to – for sure, they will be more than happy to help! 26. Start a journal. Journaling is a great way to gain better self-awareness. It’s a self-reflection process. As you write, clarify your thought process and read what you wrote from a third person’s perspective, you gain more insights about yourself. Your journal can be private or an online blog. I use my personal development blog as a personal journal too and I’ve learned a lot about myself through the past year of blogging. 27. Start a blog about personal development. To help others grow, you need to first be walking the talk. There are expectations of you, both from yourself and from others, which you have to uphold. I run The Personal Excellence Blog, where I share my personal journey and insights on how to live a better life. Readers look toward my articles to improve themselves, which enforces to me that I need to keep improving, for myself and for the people I’m reaching out to. 28. Get a mentor or coach. There’s no faster way to improve than to have someone work with you on your goals. Many of my clients approach me to coach them in their goals and they achieve significantly more results than if they had worked alone. 29. Reduce the time you spend on chat programs. I realized having chat programs open at default result in a lot of wasted time. This time can be much better spent on other activities. The days when I don’t get on chat, I get a lot more done. I usually disable the auto start-up option in the chat programs and launch them when I do want to chat and really have the time for it. 0. Learn chess (or any strategy game). I found chess is a terrific game to learn strategy and hone your brainpower. Not only do you have fun, you also get to exercise your analytical skills. You can also learn strategy from other board games or computer games, such as Othello, Chinese Chess, WarCraft, and so on. 31. Stop watching TV. I’ve not been watc hing TV for pretty much 4 years and it’s been a very liberating experience. I realized most of the programs and advertisements on mainstream TV are usually of a lower consciousness and not very empowering. In return, the time I’ve freed up from not watching TV is now constructively used for other purposes, such as connecting with close friends, doing work I enjoy, exercising, etc. 32. Start a 30-day challenge. Set a goal and give yourself 30 days to achieve this. Your goal can be to stick with a new habit or something you’ve always wanted to do but have not. 30 days is just enough time to strategize, plan, get into action, review and nail the goal. 33. Meditate. Meditation helps to calm you and be more conscious. I also realized that during the nights when I meditate (before I sleep), I need lesser sleep. The clutter clearing process is very liberating. 34. Join Toastmasters (Learn public speaking). Interestingly, public speaking is the #1 fear in the world, with #2 being death. After I started public speaking as a personal development speaker/trainer, I’ve learned a lot about how to communicate better, present myself and engage people. Toastmasters is an international organization that trains people in public speaking. Check out the Toastmaster clubs nearest to you here. 35. Befriend top people in their fields. These people have achieved their results because they have the right attitudes, skill sets and know-how. How better to learn than from the people who have been there and done that? Gain new insights from them on how you can improve and achieve the same results for yourself. 36. Let go of the past. Is there any grievance or unhappiness from the past which you have been holding on? If so, it’s time to let it go. Holding on to them prevents you from moving on and becoming a better person. Break away from the past, forgive yourself, and move on. Just recently, I finally moved on from a past heartbreak of 5 years ago. The effect was liberating and very empowering, and I have never been happier. 37. Start a business venture. Is there anything you have an interest in? Why not turn it into a venture and make money while learning at the same time? Starting a new venture requires you to be learn business management skills, develop business acumen and have a competitive edge. The process of starting and developing my personal development business has equipped me with many skills, such as self-discipline, leadership, organization and management. 38. Show kindness to people around you. You can never be too kind to someone. In fact, most of us don’t show enough kindness to people around us. Being kind helps us to cultivate other qualities such as compassion, patience, and love. As you get back to your day after reading this article later on, start exuding more kindness to the people around you, and see how they react. Not only that, notice how you feel as you behave kindly to others. Chances are, you will feel even better than yourself. 39. Reach out to the people who hate you. If you ever stand for something, you are going to get haters. It’s easy to hate the people who hate us. It’s much more challenging to love them back. Being able to forgive, let go and show love to these people requires magnanimity and an open heart. Is there anyone who dislikes or hates you in your life? If so, reach out to them. Show them love. Seek a resolution and get closure on past grievances. Even if they refuses to reciprocate, love them all the same. It’s much more liberating than to hate them back. 40. Take a break. Have you been working too hard? Self-improvement is also about recognizing our need to take a break to walk the longer mile ahead. You can’t be driving a car if it has no petrol. Take some time off for yourself every week. Relax, rejuvenate and charge yourself up for what’s up ahead. 41. Read at least 1 personal development article a day. Some of my readers make it a point to read at least one personal development article every day, which I think is a great habit. There are many terrific personal development blogs out there, some of which you can check here. 42. Commit to your personal growth. I can be writing list articles with 10 ways, 25 ways, 42 ways or even 1,000 ways to improve yourself, but if you’ve no intention to commit to your personal growth, it doesn’t matter what I write. Nothing is going to get through. We are responsible for our personal growth – not anyone else. Not your mom, your dad, your friend, me or LifeHack. Make the decision to commit to your personal growth and embrace yourself to a life-long journey of growth and change. Kick off your growth by picking a few of the steps above and working on them. The results may not be immediate, but I promise you that as long as you keep to it, you’ll start seeing positive changes in yourself and your life. hk

A Depiction Of Berlin In Robert Walser’s “Berlin Stories” and Walter Benjamin’s “Berlin Childhood Around 1900”

A Depiction Of Berlin In Robert Walser’s â€Å"Berlin Stories† and Walter Benjamin’s â€Å"Berlin Childhood Around 1900† Robert Walser’s â€Å"Berlin Stories† is a collection of vignettes that track his observation during his jaunts through the city. Walter Benjamin’s â€Å"Berlin Childhood Around 1900† is an attempt by Benjamin to recollect his urban childhood as an adult in exile. They both write about Berlin at the turn of the century but are able to produce images of the city that are at once captivating in their portrayal of a city in constant movement and honest in their dealings with the realities of modern life. In presenting Berlin as both a voluptuous giantess and a protective mother, the authors show that modernity can be both sensual and nurturing. In Walser’s â€Å"Good Morning, Giantess!† the titular figure is the city of Berlin: â€Å"The chest expands, the giantess Metropolis has just, with the most voluptuous leisureliness, pulled on her sun-shimmery chemise. A giantess like this doesn’t dress so quickly, but each of her beautiful, huge motions is fragrant and steams and pounds and peals.† (Walser 5) By likening Berlin to a giantess, Walser merges images of power and sexuality. The city steams and pounds and peals† but also expands its chest with a â€Å"voluptuous leisureliness.† Significantly, the giantess’ power is a mechanical power. Each of her motions â€Å"steams and pounds and peals,† invoking images of the modern factory, calling to mind Berlin’s namesake—Europe’s Fabrikstadt. Additionally, Walser points out that, â€Å"A giantess like this doesn’t dress so quickly.† The giantess Metropolis is slow and leisurely, and the language that Walser uses here even slows down the reader—â€Å"sun-shimmery chemise.† This language even extends to passages where Walser describes Berlin’s urban rush: â€Å"what a ravishing, beguiling haste can be seen in all this ostensible packed-in-ness and sober-mindedness† (11). By using sensuous language and a deliberate pace, Walser makes even Berlin’s hurriedness and crowdedness part of the city’s allure. However, Berlin, like a giantess, is frightening, even disgusting. Before the day breaks, â€Å"before even the electric trams are running,† Berlin is not a giantess, but a monster (3). Placing the reader in Berlin’s cold, early morning streets, Walser writes, â€Å"you trot along, rubbing your hands, and watch people coming out of the gates and doorways of their buildings, as though some impatient monster were spewing out warm, flaming saliva† (3). This disgusting image of a salivating monster deviates sharply from the image of a luxurious giantess slowly pulling on her chemise. This is because Walser is showing the reader the â€Å"dark side† of Berlin: the class divide. The people â€Å"coming out of the gates and doorways of their buildings† are lower class workers or, as Walser puts it, â€Å"people of no significance† (4). Walser contrasts these people with Berlin’s upper class, namely, â€Å"refined persons who make it a habit to arise late† and â€Å"the children of wealthy, beautiful parents† who are still asleep as the hoi polloi make their morning commute. Alternatively, in Benjamin’s â€Å"Berlin Childhood Around 1900† the city of Berlin acts as a surrogate mother. Benjamin calls the loggias in which he grew up while living in Berlin â€Å"the cradle in which the city laid its new citizen† (Benjamin 38). By merging images of Berlin with images of maternity, Benjamin introduces the city as a nurturer and protector. By carrying over images of maternity to a city as urban as Berlin, Benjamin is showing how memories of his Berlin childhood can be just as tender and innocent as â€Å"memories of a childhood spent in the country† (38). According to Benjamin, â€Å"The rhythm of the metropolitan railway and of carpet-beating rocked me to sleep,† and this imagery demonstrates Berlin’s ability to â€Å"nurse† young Benjamin in spite of its urban technology and elbow-to-elbow housing arrangements. Overall, Benjamin attempts to forge an image of the city that is nurturing and protective, despite i ts lack of rolling fields and lowing cattle. The juxtaposition of maternity and technology occurs later in the text when Benjamin describes the household telephone: â€Å"The night from which [the noises of the telephone] came was the one that precedes every true birth. And the voice that slumbered in those instruments was a newborn voice. Each day and every hour, the telephone was my twin brother.† (48) Here the reader encounters a young child’s wonder at modern technology, but, interestingly, Benjamin illustrates this by invoking images of maternity. Benjamin ascribes to the ring of the telephone the life-giving function which gives birth to both the voices on the other end of the phone call and young Benjamin himself. In other words, the telephone brings life into the home but also calls everyone within earshot of its ring into existence. However, in 1900, the German countryside had virtually no telephones while in Berlin these same devices were commonplace in middleclass family homes. By extending the maternal, life-giving language to the city’s technology, Benjamin establishing Berlin and its modernity as a city full of life. However, besides its ability to give life, the telephone also â€Å"multipl[ies] the terrors of the Berlin household† (49). The language that Benjamin uses to describe himself working up the courage to answer the phone as a child is fraught with violence and fear. According to Benjamin, â€Å"There was nothing to allay the violence with which [the telephone] pierced me,† shifting the image of the telephone from life-giver to violent penetrator (50). Earlier, Benjamin described the way the telephone slowly conquered his home, moving from a â€Å"dark hallway in the back of the house† to the front room, and now the phone has become a violating and intrusive presence (48). In this way, Benjamin paints an image of a modern childhood in an urban city that is nurturing and full of life but also filled with violence and fear in the form of technology. Between Robert Walser’s â€Å"Berlin Stories† and Walter Benjamin’s â€Å"Berlin Childhood Around 1900,† Berlin becomes both a voluptuous giantess and a nurturing mother. Berlin as giantess paints an image of the city that is sensual and leisurely, and Berlin as mother establishes the city as protective and life-giving. Of course, Berlin is far from a utopia, but these images transform what was at the turn of the city a dirty, overcrowded, and in many ways ugly city into a place that both of these authors is able to present proudly and lovingly to the reader.

Humanities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Humanities - Essay Example When the Babylonians of Semitic origins invaded Mesopotamia near the end of 2000 BC, as the civilization reached its imperial turning point, these ancient Amorites bore significance on the aspect of science through the belief of over sixty thousand gods. Babylonian priests discerned much about the stars and other heavenly bodies and profoundly believed beyond mere embodiment that every planet was a god – Jupiter being Marduk, the god of war, Mars pertaining to Nergal or the god of death for instance, as well as the sun that was also known as Shamash (Babylonian). Religion thus enabled Babylonians to earn recognition in the field of astronomy and astrology which helped establish the twelve zodiac signs on which most cultures to this day depend, accepting the possibility that man’s destiny can be governed by the stars and the planets (Babylonian). In the similar manner, the Egyptian history had documented a belief system which shaped the early minds to materialize cultura l and architectural insights into physical structures crafted according to the religion which regarded truth in life after death. Hence, Egyptians have since managed to live with a burial custom that bathed and embalmed corpses, widely known as ‘mummies’ which were then entombed in pyramids – a tradition thought to prepare the dead for life in another dimension (Resurrection).

Application of the Letter from Birmingham in the War in Syria Essay

Application of the Letter from Birmingham in the War in Syria - Essay Example Martin Luther and his friend Abernathy Ralph had led demonstrations against laws that promoted the segregation of the black people in America. According to the law, Martin and Abernathy were supposed to get a permit to conduct the demonstrations. However, they failed to get the permit and that led to his arrest (King 34). The church clergy had responded to his arrest on the same day that he was detained in Birmingham prison arguing that both the white and black people should obey the civil laws in the country. Luther wrote the letter with the aim of justifying his disobedience of the law by arguing that it was the unjustness of the law that made him to demonstrate. Luther argues there are just and unjust laws, but the existence of unjust laws anywhere leads to injustice everywhere in the letter (King 36). King’s separation of just and unjust laws may be used in the analysis of the way in Syria and recommend on the actions that should be taken to end the war in the country. Mar tin argues that a regulation is just when it concurs with the laws of God, which he calls the ethical rules. Unjust laws, on the other hand, are those that are not based on the moral laws of God. Thus, according to King, laws are fair when they are acceptable in the whole society because God’s rules are equal to all citizens despite their race and color (Tiefendbrun 68). This argument aimed at informing the state that the segregation of the black people who lived in the southern parts of Alabama was an unfair act that was against the will of God. The segregation of the black people commonly known as the Negros had been in the country since the eighteenth century when slavery of Africans and Asians was practiced in the western nations (King 25). King also argued that injustice in any part of the country led to unfairness in the whole nation. This meant that the injustice that existed in the southern part of the nation led to the unfairness in all regions of America (Tiefenbrun 70). Luther also meant that the segregation of the black people was a sign of immorality of the whole nation including the whites. This indicated that the white people would be considered as immoral even when they acted fairly in other things in the south and in other regions in the country. This means that even if nations and people conduct themselves in all things except one, they will still be unfair and they will lack development. King demonstrates this by giving the example of how Africa was moving towards independence at a high speed while America was wasting time segregating the black people. The activist argued that Americans were lagging behind by taking the longest time to serve Africans only a cup of coffee (King 79). This meant that the injustice of the laws would cause injustice in the country by slowing down freedom and development like that which Africa and Asia were experiencing at that time. Martin postulates that â€Å"the oppressors who are mainly the leaders do not award the minority groups their freedom voluntarily† (King 80) Therefore, he argues that there is need for civil disobedience by the oppressed groups to force the leaders to grant them their moral rights. This argument justified King’s act of disobeying laws by conducting demonstrations instead of negotiating with the leaders. He further justifies himself by pronouncing that he was tired of being asked to wait for negotiations. Luther argued that the word wait had become a synonym of never because he and his fellow Negros had heard it for numerous years before deciding to disobey the law (King 82). Thus, according to Martin, leaders should award their people with justice on time to avoid the disobedience of the law. However, when the leaders fail to create fair regulations, they should be reminded through

Management Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Management Journal - Essay Example Kelvin said that he was not aware because he was a new employee at the company. I told him to always ensure that he plan his time effectively to ensure that he perform significant tasks before others. I advised the employee because I knew that effective management of time leads to the success of the business (Koontz and Weihrich 67). I also talked to the employee because I knew that it was my role as the manager of the company. September 3 2013 Management is a challenging task because it involves balancing work and family functions and time. I thought about this statement when I discovered that today was the twentieth anniversary of the company, and at the same time, it was my first born’s birthday. I was stressed while thinking of how I would ensure that I attend the two functions and satisfy the company and my family. I had to think of an effective plan that would help me manage the day’s time efficiently, although it was a bit challenging. I thought of a plan where I would attend the company’s function in the day as my family prepares for an evening party for my son. The plan was successful, and both teams were satisfied with my attendance. I played the role of a father and manager at the same time. Before I was promoted to be a manager, I had heard supervisors talking about how they had difficulties balancing time and work. Today I followed their advice, and I found out that balancing work and family increases satisfaction, and it reduces stress (Koontz and Weihrich 195). September 4 2013 Today, I had a conference with all employees, and the aim of the meeting was to remind them the goals of the company. I have always known that communication is vital in the management because it informs workers about the goals to pursue, the tasks to undertake, and the techniques to utilize (Koontz and Weihrich 199). I have also read numerous books that argue that managers must possess effective communication skills so that they can lead others in the right direction. This was my first day to talk to the employees as a manager, and I had to ensure that I pass the company’s message clearly. Before attending the meeting, I read a book that pointed out various forms of communication. The book argued that communications between managers and employees takes place through bottom-up or top-down approaches. Top-down involves supervisors passing information to employees at lower levels; company objectives may be communicated using this approach. Bottom-up technique is one where employees speak to managers often when giving feedback (Koontz and Weihrich 100). The readings gave me confidence, and I attended the conference and passed the information to workers clearly. The day was successful, and my confidence increased when other managers said that I had excellent communication skills. September 5 2013 Today, one of my employees approached me and said that she had a problem coping with her workmate who was uncooperative. The two perf orm their tasks in one office where they file company documents. Mary, the employee who approached me said that Annette spent most of her time on the phone instead of working. This increases Mary’s workload, and she leaves the office late every day. I confirmed this from other workers, and I also checked the register and found out that Mary leaves the office three hours after the closing time. I knew this was a problem, and I had to solve it intelligently to ensure that the two get satisfied with the solution (Koontz and Weihr

Examine the role of social media in customer relationship management Essay

Examine the role of social media in customer relationship management 02221 - Essay Example Twitter, Facebook, etc (Holzner, 2008). The complete interactions that take place through the social channels provides various information to small companies, which can be utilized to enhance their services, products, as well as overall approach towards their business (Evans, 2012). Companies are required to value social media as well as realise that it is a two-way or joint process. If they choose to utilize social media like the customer centric stage, they can’t avoid complaints or the negative comments. In reality, one in three Twitter and Facebook user consider that companies should reply to the social grievances within two hours. People have some hopes, and companies should meet those hopes or expectations. Social media is considered as the newest channel by which companies can interact with the target customers (Sponder, 2012). Customer relationship administration/management is referred to the tactics, practices, and technologies, which organizations or firms use to record, manage, and assess customer interactions or communications to drive the growth of sales by enriching and deepening relationships with their entire customer base. The systems of customer relationship management are designed in order to collect customers’ information across various channels such as company’s website, live chat, marketing materials, telephone, social media, and live chat (Boulding et al, 2005). The systems of CRM can also provide customer-facing employee detailed data, buying preferences, and purchase history. Companies need to make sure that the analysis and storage of their customer facts and data must encompass a highest degree of security against identity theft, cyber criminals as well as other violations of securities (Chen and Popovich, 2003). From the company’s viewpoint, the whole relationship includes the direct communication aspect, for example service and sales related processes, and

An event from the Holocaust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

An event from the Holocaust - Essay Example This research paper attempts to study the political, social and cultural environment which led to the holocaust. We will also briefly explore the Nazi policies of exclusion. Finally, we will look at the atrocities meted out to the prisoners in the concentration camps. Long before Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany, eugenic scientists were conducting experiments to prove the inequality of humans. These research were not restricted to Germany but were worldwide. Tests conducted in the United States "proved" that class, race and ethnic differences "reflected intelligence.2 These research results were not only accepted by the scientific community but also influenced the policy makers. In United States, "inferior races and ethnic groupswere prohibited from entering the country."3 Solution to the "problem" of the "feebleminded individuals who already resided in the United States" ranged from putting them in "permanent custodial care" to sterilization.4 Eugenics eventually lost acceptance in the United States but in Germany, following the coming to power of the Nazi party, eugenic scientists began to enjoy political support. Hitler wanted to build a utopian German society. Such a society would be "racially homogenous, physically hardy and mentally healthy".5 To achieve this utopia, Germany followed a policy of exclusion and the killing operations were the final stage of this policy. Eugenics introduced the idea of human inequality and the Nazi policies institutionalized it. The groups excluded included the physically handicapped, intellectually retarded, mentally disturbed and, eventually, the racially alien people. By 1939, Hitler abandoned his policy of exclusion and started discussing "implementation of what he called euthanasia".6 Nazi Policies The National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP) better known as the Nazi party was founded on January 5 1919. Hitler joined the NSDAP on September 16 1919.7 His inspirational leadership and oratorical skills saw him become the chairman of the party by July 1921. Germany's defeat in the World War I and signing of the Treaty of Versailles which put the sole responsibility of the "war guilt" on the Germans was humiliating for the defeated nation. This along with the depression of 1929 and the inability of Germans to come to terms with the resulting hardships saw the Nazi party get 37 percent of the votes in 1932 elections.8 Thus on January 30, 1933, Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany. On February 27 1933, a mysterious fire in the Reichstag building destroyed the German "Parliament". The next day the German President, Paul von Hindenburg declared emergency. The emergency, along with the "Enabling Act, or Law for the Removal of the Distress of the People and Reich, would allow H itler torule Germany as a dictator."9 Between 1933 and 1935, the German government enacted various laws to remove Jews from public life and to revoke their citizenship.10 From April 1, 1933, the Nazi Government started a countrywide boycott of Jewish businesses. This and other policies between 1933 and 1938 were aimed at forcing the German Jews to emigrate from Germany. However, the policies failed due to reluctance of many German Jews to leave their

The Use of Computers In Psychological Diagnosis Term Paper

The Use of Computers In Psychological Diagnosis - Term Paper Example Psychology has a lot of dimensions and there are different types of psychology present. This paper discusses the use of computers in the abnormal psychology. Abnormal psychology The term abnormal psychology can be defined as a branch or type of psychology that studies the behavior patterns of humans that are unusual, the unusual thoughts and emotions that humans possess that may or may not be causing them to be having a mental disorder. The abnormal psychology tends to consist of various reasons for different types of behaviors. The different behaviors observed in the individuals are due to the situations they have undergone and therefore need to undergo a psychological treatment. The medical professionals that come under this category are the psychotherapists, the counselor, and the clinical psychologists that cater towards the unusual and abnormal psychology behavior of the individual (Barlow and Mark, 2004). Intelligence testing The intelligence testing of an individual tends to f ocus upon the level of the functionality of the intellectual aspects of the individual and this is conducted by carrying out various tests for assessing the intelligence level of the individual. There are computerized tests given to the individuals for their intelligence testing and computerized results are obtained for the tests so that an immediate analysis can be given about the intelligence level of the person (Fernald, 2008). All individuals are at different levels of intelligence and according to their level the intelligence tests are conducted for them on computers. Neurobiological diagnosis Schizophrenia is one of the main diseases that are faced by humans and a neurobiological diagnosis is usually conducted for the... The discussion above depicts that computers are highly vital and an essential element in the field of psychology. Abnormal psychology deals with the unusual behaviors of the individuals such as them having fear or having mood disorders like depression and other such factors. Computers play an important role in the treatment of patients of psychological disorder and also it helps towards the maintenance and evaluation of historical records for longer time periods. Computers can store a large amount of data and results that have been obtained for different types of patients and this makes it easy to refer back to any particular case when in time of need. The assessment results obtained can be categorized as valid and reliable as the age of science has advanced drastically and made things to be conducted systematically, efficiently, and effectively. This report makes a conclusion that the use of computers is the assessment procedures of psychology tend to be reliable and have valid assessments to a large extent as everything has been tested before it has been finally implemented for the individuals. Computer technology has advanced to a very large extent and many aspects in the medical informatics as well as in the field of psychology cannot progress further without the use of computers. Computer use is a necessity in the psychological field and with advancement in science it has proves to give reliable and valid results. It has been analyzed by researchers that computer can analyze results in a systematic way and at a sophisticated level as well.

Five Common Bargains Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Five Common Bargains - Assignment Example Hence, I decided to buy a second hand car which would give me the opportunity to avail stylish comfort at a lower price. In this regards, I had fixed my budget at $ 15,000 which was accumulated with my savings, financial borrowing from my parents and a short-term bank loan. For the next few days I and one of my friends searched the internet, newspapers, and dealers to see where I could get a car that satisfies my aforementioned needs. Once I finished searching the internet, I found a car that I was looking for. It was from Hyundai with a quoted price of around $14,500 (Edmunds.com, 2012). After taking appointment with the dealer we went to see the car. Even though my accumulated budget was higher than the price charged I was quite concerned regarding the negotiation and testing of the quality of the product as it was an already used car. While negotiating over the price and the features of the car, I came to know that the actual selling price of the car that was quoted as $14,500 on the website, when include tax and insurance charges increased to around $ 17,000. However, as per the advice of my companion I decided to give another thought to the matter and inspect the other available dealers on the same car model. My survey results indicated that a Hyundai model was available at an average of $20,000 to $ 25,000 which was not significantly different from the quoted price for the used car. By the end of the day, I went back to the dealer for the final discussion and asked him to give a 10%-20% discount as the present market value of the same new Hyundai model was abou t $20,500 (Kelley Blue Book Co., Inc, 2012). Going through the service records of the car gave me enough information regarding the engine along with the details of how much the owner drove the car. I also took a test drive so that I can check the performance of the car. After having a test drive, my friend and I decided that we

Of mice and men Film Essay Example for Free

Of mice and men Film Essay Of mice and men is a very touching film of hopes dreams and friendship. Adapted from the novel by John Steinbeck. The film is about two friends, Lennie and George, with a dream of great times with their own land and house. But there is a another story intertwined with theirs, about what people think of women. The two stories together will hold you in an array of emotions from joy to sorrow, and pride to guilt. This film if full of brilliant acting and meaningful uses of light and props. Of the two stories we will look at the one about women. We open the film with a man sitting in the shadows. Little light is coming in through the slits in the wood he is leaning on. He looks depressed and upset and bows his head as if hes trying to recall his memories of what went wrong to lead to this depression. And then we are suddenly in a field with early evening light filling a beautiful landscape, the main focus of our attention is of the woman running across the picture, shes white with brown hair wearing a torn red dress. As she runs we can see shes trying to run away form something or somebody, shes crying and the only sound we hear is her distressed breathing like she wants to cry but is holding the tears back. She looks like she has been attacked, although the dress is torn we only see a petty coat and not any flesh so this suggests that it might not have been sexual. But we cant really say for sure. The red dress represents passion so this says it could be sexual. We the see the two main characters running so we now think that they are connected to this. We never see this woman again in the whole of the story. The next woman we find is first only known as Curlys wife. She first comes into the story when she enters the bunkhouse where Lennie and George have only just arrived and are unpacking. Shes wearing a flowery dress which could be seen as innocent as it is cool colours and doesnt reveal much of her figure. Her hair is also in a very feminine style again to show innocence. Im looking for curly she says, almost as if she needs an excuse for being there. But also at the same time using it in an almost flirty sort of way trying to see how the new boys will react. He was in here a minute ago, but he left George replies cutting off that conversation. He hasnt stopped staring at her since she entered but not in a flattering way. We know he is a cautious person and he is almost looking at her trying to spot any type of threat. Especially as when Curly was in here he wasnt particularly nice. So his wife, even if she isnt like him in character, can still get him into trouble. Well I guess I better look some place else she says turning to face the door, only not to leave, just so the light shines on her from outside, showing off her figure. We now know that this girl is just one big flirt and George can see that. He wants her to leave as its the only thing that can happen to stop this tension, he cant leave with Lennie as they have no excuse to. Eventually after some more flirty lines she leaves. Through this scene we have been introduced to the only other woman in the film and we know shes a flirt and danger even if her image suggest otherwise at times. The camera reinforces this along with what she does. It starts with full body shots at the beginning of the scene and as she gets more flirtatious the shots concentrate on her upper body, then just her face, the attention is on her a lot of the time. The next scene with Curlys wife is in a barn as George takes a mule in. As he calls out for the stable buck she answers instead and comes half way over to some bags of hay. Shes in another flowery dress, again trying to portray innocence be we know that she is anything but innocent. This time she is also holding a book, possibly a story or maybe a diary, either suggest that maybe she isnt as much of the tart as we first thought and that she enjoys reading. Once again she tries to start a conversation, but George is still cautious of her and ignores her, concentrating on the mule. So to try to entice him she starts to once again flirt, as she sits on the bags of hay she leans back a little defining her chest. Her dress has ridden up revealing quite a bit of her leg, she pats the seat next to her trying to get him to come over. But still he just ignores her so she shouts. come over here and talk to me! he gets up and walks over to her. She calms down now she has her way. So she flirts to get her way most of the time but what we really want to know is if she really after a conversation or whether she only wants a cheap thrill like she has implied. All we have seen of her is her flirting and even now as hes come over to talk she is leaning against a pole like a lap dancer, asking about whether he has a sweetheart back home. We can almost certainly say that she is only after one thing. But then some thing happens that maybe changes our perspective of her. Her husband comes in. He ask whats going on and she says nothing I wasnt talking to you. he replies get back in the house. you dont own me curly. She says he now comes close to her and says in a way that seems like he might hit her I said go. And so she does. In this brief 2 minute talk we can see her relationship with her husband isnt a good one but he had just caught her with another man so maybe he can justify his anger. In this scene we have seen that Curlys wife is as we thought very flirty but that her relationship with her husband might cause this. She next walks into shot again in a flowery dress with a book as Lennie and George are hard at work in a field. In the scene before this Lennie and Curly have a fight. Lennie ends up with a bruised and scratched face and Curly gets a broken hand. Hi. she says, this is given a glance but they dont reply or give any recognition. sure is hot out here to day. She trys again to get conversation going. But again they dont care and keep on working. So she trys again. I said it sure is hot out here. why dont you go back to your house we dont want no trouble. Says George in a way that says I know I cant force you but I dont want you here. This is of course because of what Curly did. She is taken aback by this, she is used to being ignored but not told to leave by anyone other than her husband. I just want some one to talk to. She says. you got a husband, go talk to him George replies. yeah I got a husband. She says almost in a disappointed way. She then asks how Curly got his hand broken. To which George lies and says he got his hand caught in a machine. But this doesnt fool her so seeking an answer she asks Lennie who she knows wont have the mental capacity to make up a lie. how did you get those scratches on your face? she asks. Lennie looks to George and then looks away saying, he got it caught in a machine. He answers. is that so? She says with a look that is trying to work out how Lennie thinks. Almost as if she is concerned for him. She then quietly leaves. In this scene we begin to see that she isnt stupid she can work things out. Also that she doesnt like Curly and being married to him. The possibility that all she wants is some one to talk to is again present. In her penultimate scene we change our whole opinion of Curlys wife. Its set at night as Lennie and George are returning to the bunk house. Most of the other men are still in town spending their money in a whore house on girls and drink. Just as they are about to enter the bunk house Curlys wife comes out of the shadows looking upset and as if she has been crying. is curly back yet? she asks. no. says George knowing that Curly could very well be with another woman right now. She then says how Curly broke her records and we finally see a frail side of her caused by the fact her husband is now out possibly with another woman, he doesnt even talk to his wife, he doesnt even leave her with some measly records to listen to. We are shoved into feeling sorry for this poor girl and guilty that we thought she was just after a cheap thrill, when all she really wanted was someone to talk too. We get to see the womans frail side in this scene and we finally see her true motivation for the way she is, we see that she is very hurt and is just good at putting a brave face on things. In her last scene Curlys wife walks into a barn where Lennie has just accidentally killed a puppy. As she comes over he hides away and says how she would get him in trouble. whats wrong with me? she shouts at him as he rejects her company. Lennie doesnt see her as a sex object and so he doesnt see any danger in her although he is slightly attracted to her. So he opens up a little to her and in turn she opens up and finally we see her shed this mask that only shows her body and the fact that she is just a woman and should be treated as just some object. But now Lennie is sitting there talking to her as an equal and this is the sort of interaction with other people that she has tried to get through out the whole film. We find out as she opens up that she wanted to be an actress and she had plans to go to the theatre or Broadway and be an actress. Lennie is going on about tending the rabbits and not really listening but still Curlys wife doesnt care and talks about her dreams still. Eventually they do start listening to each other, and they find a common like for soft things. She lets him feel her hair, and then we see her open up in another way. Usually Curly is only interested in one thing, quick sex to satisfy him with no feelings involved, but here with Lennie she is being appreciated with close touch. She likes the fact he is being gentle and soft only after the simple pleasure of being able to stroke her hair. But he is a child in a strong mans body and he doesnt let go of her hair when she asks him to stop as he gets a little rough, and she screams, he grabs her and gags her, he only wants her to stop shouting but as he lays her back down we see that he has broken her neck. She lies silently in a pool of light on the hay as Lennie runs in fear. For a brief second we saw this beautiful woman blossom and show her true self and now she is gone. Though this film we see a progressing way in how men picture women. In the bunk house scene all we see is a flirty woman, and we are focused on her body. In the second scene we get another showing of this but at the end we see her giving in to her husband and maybe a suggestion of how he treats her. Next we see her being ignored by the boys, they consider her trouble even thought its not directly her fault, also we see a bit of her intelligence and that she isnt that stupid. Then finally we see her frailty and that she is not just a pair of breasts on legs, she has feeling as well as a mind and emotions. We can conclude that because of the way men see her, causes her to flirt as its the only way to get any attention. Because she doesnt get the conversation and interaction from Curly she turns else where and flirting is the only way to get that interaction she wants. In the last scene we see her mind, her dreams, opinions and thoughts. we see the side of her that has been ignored by every one just because shes a woman. Through the whole film we dont even get to know her name. But with Lennie these barriers are broken as he doesnt understand them and so she can open up and talk to this person. Even though he might not be listening he isnt blocking her out because she a woman and she gets the interaction that she wants and that she has been searching for. Then finally she dies and we are left with a memory of a woman that showed her mind to us and how she was no longer just a body to be looked at by men. But for a brief moment considered as an individual person.

The Bill of Rights Essay Example for Free

The Bill of Rights Essay The Bill of Rights practically became part of American constitution with the endorsement of the first ten amendments to the Constitution. When constitution was formally framed it contained Bill of rights in the form of charter of rights and liberties. But it was felt there were many things left to allow government to operate with full force. The name Bill of Rights was at once applied to these ten amendments, but in a truly national sense it was a misnomer. The restraints contained in them were imposed solely upon the federal government: the states were untouched by these prohibitory mandates. That seemed of little moment at the time, since most of the states had their own bills of rights and citizens of those states had varying degrees of double protection. Bill of Rights A new national responsibility had to be assumed, and one aspect of it was the expansion of the existing Bill of Rights to make its provisions effective against violation by the states as well as by the national government. Half a century later another amendment, the Nineteenth, wiped out a remaining inequality by extending the right of suffrage to women, and in 1964 the Twenty-Fourth Amendment struck down the poll tax as a device to restrict the right to vote. Thus, by subsequent growth as well as by antecedent beginnings, the identification of the first ten amendments as the American Bill of Rights became grossly inadequate. The American Bill of Rights as it exists today has to be brought together from all its sources, a compendium derived from the original Constitution, the first ten amendments and the subsequent amendments. Design and harmony emerge. In the entire worlds history there is nothing to compare with the pledges of human rights and freedom that have been worked into our charter of government at the great moments of national history. The swift ratification of the anti-poll-tax amendment, and the awakening of Congress revealed by passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, provided the first evidence of a relinking of freedom with justice in American public opinion. But the continuing assaults on the Supreme Court, for decisions deserving the highest praise, produced no general uprising in defense of the liberties implanted in the Constitution in the period of its adoption. Apathy due to ignorance, interacting with ignorance due to apathy, continued to be the outstanding feature of the popular reaction. On July 4, 1951, the Madison, Wisconsin, Capital-Times sent out two reporters to ask people encountered at random to sign a petition saying that they believed in the Declaration of Independence. Fear has to be combined with ignorance to produce such a state of mind, which allows active play to an equal ignorance inflamed by passion. Far fewer than half of the American people have the remotest idea of what their personal and political rights embrace. Still less do they know their neighbors rights. People will answer yes, when asked if they believe in a certain form of liberty guaranteed by the Constitution. What, then, is the Bill of Rights? Other reference works, histories and libertarian books consulted by him disclosed no adequate compilation of constitutional rights, liberties, privileges and immunities. Hamiltons argument was not wholly flawless, when he disparaged the impotent shoulds and ought tos of existing state declarations of rights. But there was a basic rightness in his assertion that such ethical aphorisms did less to secure recognition of popular rights than the Preamble to the Federal Constitution, whose wording he capitalized and italicized: Constitutional guarantees of liberty have been enormously enlarged. But the fundamental protection remains what it was in the beginningthe action of the People in ordaining and establishing the Constitution. In other words, the first and foremost element in the American Bill of Rights is the fact that we have a written Constitution, enforceable as it stands, and unchangeable by ordinary acts of legislation. Conclusion For the real significance of that fact, compare the American Bill of Rights with Englands great document, Magna Carta, of which its leading analyst, McKechnie, wrote: The great weakness of the Charter lay in this, that no adequate sanction was attached to it, in order to ensure the enforcement of its provisions. There could be no adequate sanction, because the Charter was not a constitution enforceable against king and parliament. Edward I repeated the restoring operation in 1297. Again and again, as century followed century, the Commons and Lords affirmed and English kings acknowledged that Magna Carta was the law of the land. Thirty-two times, wrote Sir Edward Coke in his Second Institute, the Charter had been enacted into law. Also, it is only fair to point out that between 1950 and 1960, certain written guarantees of the American Bill of Rights went in and out of the United States Constitution with an ease and frequency that made some Englishmen and Americans gasp, due chiefly to changes in the personnel of the Supreme Court. In England, all acts of Parliament are the validly enforceable law of the country, binding on the courts. A British law may play havoc with the British Constitution, and it is still a valid law. The great need of the present day is to cast off fear of freedom, and recapture the courage and vision of those who first erected the standard of American liberty. pity checks in government employment, extending far beyond the legitimate needs connected with national defense. Stalin robbed the Soviet treasury if he paid Chambers twenty rubles for them. WORKS CITED Kramer, Daniel C. The Price of Rights: The Courts, Government Largesse, and Fundamental Liberties. New York: Peter Lang, 2004. Martin, Rex. A System of Rights. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997. Van Kley, Dale, ed. The French Idea of Freedom: The Old Regime and the Declaration of Rights of 1789. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1994. Wood, James E. , ed. The First Freedom: Religion the Bill of Rights. Waco, TX: J. M.

Selection of Materials and Labour in Construction

Selection of Materials and Labour in Construction Suitable selection of materials and labour Insitu reinforcement concrete and structural steel are popular and dominates in the framing market of multi storey buildings. Through the above evaluation we found that the insitu reinforcement concrete frames materials and labour is pretty much stable then steel and precast concrete frame. Therefore, we recommend using insitu reinforcement concrete frame approach in this development. Cost Cost is one of the crucial factors need to be considered in the selection of structural framing options and this costs of framed structures can be affected by the market condition. Through our experience and market analysis, we found that the insitu reinforcement concrete frame is much cost efficiency compared to the others type of structural frame. This is due to steel is particularly volatile and always influence by the exchange rates due to international competitions. Adversely, cement price is more stable and according to BCA (2007), the statistic claims that the UK average cement price is stable over the last 10 years and it is raised below the inflation rate. Cement is one of the main components in the concrete mixture and thus cause the concrete price generally will be cheaper. Therefore it is wisely no to propose steel frame as its price fluctuate more frequently in comparing with concrete. Speed of construction In principle, the insitu reinforcement concrete frame has a disadvantage in term of construction speed it is relatively slow due to the time consumed for curing. However, lead time for steel frame actually is higher than insitu reinforcement concrete frame because one of the reasons is due to the steel frame need to pre-fabricate in factory and it is requires a number of fabrication processes. Lead time can be defined as the actual time counted from putting in an order (by the builder) until to the actual construction one site of a particular element. According to the lead time figure published in the Chartered Quantity Surveyor (1992), show that insitu reinforcement concrete frames lead times is 2-8 weeks and it is less than the steel frames lead times; with 8-14 weeks. Hence, the insitu reinforcement frame constructions total construction time would be shorter if compared to steel frame. Although steel frame construction has an advantage in term of faster structural erection time but in our opinion the shorter total construction time produced by insitu reinforcement frame construction is more crucial. Therefore, the insitu reinforcement concrete frame construction is more suitable and is recommended in this project. Ability to standardise The insitu reinforcement concrete frame is more flexible and tolerant in any alteration during the construction process. Any subsequence alteration is straightforward and it would not much affect the following construction sequence, process, cost and importantly greater delay would not happen. But, both the steel and precast concrete frame has disadvantages in the ability to standardise. This is due to both are factory prefabricated products and later only deliver to site for installation. Therefore any subsequence alteration in steel frame or precast concrete frame construction either in design or construction sequence will cause an impact in the factory production line as well as to the subsequent following construction planning process. Fire resistance The insitu reinforcement concrete frame has inherent fire resistance advantage compared to steel frame which fire resistance factor is not inbuilt. Therefore steel need additional fire protection work and this directly will involve additional construction time and cost. Size and nature of site As mentioned above both of the steel and precast concrete frame are prefabricated in the factory. Therefore, it has a disadvantage and limitation in producing huge structural frame during the prefabrication process and installation process at site. Similarly the delivery process of prefabricated huge frame will also tough and massive and not practical. But, this does not happen to the insitu reinforcement concrete frame where the huge structural elements can be adjusted and produced on site by constructing it in small part each time without affect by the factor of size and nature of site. Finally we would like to propose that this 10 storey building to be constructed by using insitu reinforcement concrete frame construction due to the above mentioned advantages. In addition, this insitu reinforcement concrete frame is more useful in accomplishing green process compared to steel frame. Adversely, we also do not negligence on the disadvantages points of the insitu reinforcement concrete frame such as quality control, massive construction process and etc. However, this insitu reinforcement concretes existent disadvantages factors can be reduced to an acceptable level by adopting a proper site management system and well planned construction process. REFERENCES: Construction Technology 5, Heriot-Watt University Comparison Of Reinforced In-Situ Concrete And Structural Steel In Multi-Storey Building Framework Construction, RIAD QUADERY (ICE Membership Number: 64405090) BCA (2007 Chartered Quantity Surveyor (1992) Unit 1 (c) In order to increase the building height to 30 storeys, the previous proposed structure need to consider and cope efficiently to the gravity loads and resists significant lateral loads or sway force cause by wind, while at the same time, not presenting excessive self weight loads on the foundation system. Therefore, some alteration in terms of frame will need to take into consideration for achieving the tall building design safety factor. According to Chew, Y L M., Construction Technology for Tall Buildings (2nd Edition), the amount of materials needed in a tall building to resist gravity loads is almost linear with its height, however the amount of material needed to withstand lateral forces increases with the square of the wind speed. The Figure 2.1 below is an illustration of the lateral forces imposed by wind increase exponentially with the building height. A) Introduction of Shear Truss Shear wall Structure Shear walls normally is reflected to the vertical elements in the lateral force resisting system (LFRS). This shear wall is very famous apply in many structures. For conventional concrete frame system, shear wall is designed to function as a deep, thin vertical cantilevered beams members where it is robustly connected from the roof level onto the foundations level. While at the same time the insitu reinforcement concrete floor are designed in robust connection into the shear wall (vertical element) and performing the function as a horizontal diaphragms to transfer lateral loads to the vertical element and subsequently into the foundation. Please refer the below illustration of Diaphragm of Shear wall (Figure B), Shear Wall Action (Figure C), Diaphragm Action (Figure D) and For this 10 storey office building, it is design with a symmetrical floor layout and this layout makes it suitably to create few shear wall system. Moreover this shear wall design and its implementation will only involve some minor arrangement and structural design alteration, such as; alter the type of foundation, convert the existing wall element become vertical reinforcement concrete wall, change the floor system in order it must be robust enough and able to transfer the lateral force to the shear wall within the limit of design deflection. Similarly the design of the beam (underneath at open space area) must be rigidly tied into the supporting shear walls make sure the lateral load can efficiently for transfer to the foundation. With the above alteration the whole shear wall will be formed (refer layout plan grid line A-B/3-6 F-G/3-6) and this new created system not only carries vertical load but it floor system acting as a diaphragm to transfer the lateral loads to this shear wall and then transfer those load to the foundation efficiently. With this alternative design the building height will able to achieve 30 storeys and maximum to achieve 35 storeys height. Besides, through this approach the overall building concept will be remained unchanged. B) Introduction of Frame Using Vertical Trusses, Belt Trusses and /or Outrigger Trusses This concept is development from the earlier shear wall. The purpose of this design is to provide a vertical truss call Outrigger Trusses where it is robustly connected to the perimeter column/exterior column with the purpose to form a much stiffer structure at external column and enables it to resist greater wind forces or other form of lateral load, as well as the resistant of gravity load. In addition the Belt Trusses will be built and it is functioning in wrapping through the perimeter column at the same level as the outrigger trusses to further stiffen of the structure. This design is suitable in apply to amend this building height into 10 storey. The Figure E and Figure F below shown two diagrams to illustrate the concept of this vertical trusses, belt trusses and outrigger trusses. In order to apply this concept in this project, the perimeter building column (facade column) will be tied by using beam act as outrigger trusses and robustly connected to central core (also act as shear wall). Through this alternative frame solution the whole structure will act as a large system will enabling a structure approximately 25% stiffer than a original structure solely relying on a shear truss or shear wall system while without changing the floor plan arrangement. Figure F shown how the outrigger truss combine with shear wall to further enhance this whole building structure to resist lateral forces. C) Introduction of Tube System and Bundle Tube System The tube system has been the most efficient structural system used for tall building. This tube approach creates a 3 dimensional system (Refer Figure G). This system can be formed by using the conventional frame system where the external columns around the perimeter of the building are designed in much closer together. Subsequently, these columns around the corners of the four building facades are tied robustly with short beam and will form a continuity system around all four facades and effectively create a structure similar to a huge box section that cantilevers from the foundation to the top of the building. This structural system capable in resisting lateral forces in any direction as in principle a Box section has inherent strength. This tube system is appropriate to adopt in order to increase this building height to 30 storeys. From this building existing layout design (in term of shape) it is suitably to form a Tube shape. Therefore, according to this tube system design criteria, the perimeter column (facade column) of this building will be placed much closer (Refer Figure H) and tied robustly by beam surrounded the four facades of the building and become more stiffened. This will enable the whole structure act as a whole system to resist the lateral force as well as functioning to transfer the gravity load to the foundation. The advantages of this tubes system is it is allow fewer interior columns, and so create more usable floor space. In addition the above propose tube system can wisely interconnected or combine act as a whole with the existing tube frames, i.e. two number of lift core and the alternative proposed new shear walls (position at grid line A-B/3-6 F-G/3-6), to create and perform another approach call bundle tube system. Through this combination a stronger structure will be created and efficiently to resist the lateral forces and gravity loads. The Figure F illustrate the bundle tube system and through this integrate structural frame it is definitely will become more efficiently to resists lateral loads or sway force cause by wind. As a conclusion, with the above solution of alternative frame design (i.e shear walls, vertical trusses, belt trusses and Outrigger Trusses, tube system). This building will be able to increase to 30 storey height with any one of the above single alternative frame design. However it is advisable to combine those approaches by looking at the advantages and permission of this existing symmetrical building layout with the objective to resists significant lateral loads or sway force (cause by wind), as well as cope efficiently with the gravity loads (vertical load). Moreover theses combination will not cause many changes in terms of the original design and the building concept. References: Chew, Y L M., Construction Technology for Tall Buildings (2nd Edition), Construction Technology 5, Heriot-Watt University Brick Industry Association, Technical Notes 24C-The Contemporary Bearing Wall, Introduction To Shear Wall Design, (Sept./Oct.1970)(Reissued May 1988) www.gobrick.com Tall Building Structures Analysis And Design, By Bryan Stafford Smith, Alex Coull) Introduction Double skin facades is very popular apply in many European cities. This wall system is attractive due to its characteristic such as durability, ecology, greener technology, aesthetical viewing and etc. This double skin facade able to provide natural ventilation into a building space and also can reduce energy consumption. These double skin facades sometimes also referred to as a building in building. Definitions This wall system can be define as a traditional single facade doubled inside or outside by a second, essentially glazed facade. Each of these two facades is commonly called a skin. Each of the facade skin can be constructed by various different combinations of materials, commonly by two skin of glazed. However, it is also popular to apply an outer layer of glass used together with a solid inner skin. The area between the two skins can call ventilated cavity or air space. It is purposely in such designed for vertical air circulation purposes. The ventilated cavity between the two skins can be in various widths, normally range from as narrow as several centimetres to as wide as several metres (in order to form accessible cavities). The cavity width will influence the way that the facade is maintained. This air circulation space can be used in many different functions, but in the simplest analysis, the air will be drawn into the building by applying the circulation utilises stack effect , so that a natural ventilation effect will be created for the internal space of the building. However, this cavity space in some other design can be consists of fan supported or mechanically ventilated. A) Natural Ventilation The design of exterior part of the skin forming a protective shield for the building and through the circulation utilises stack effect the natural air will be drawn into the internal space of the building, so that a natural ventilation effect will be created. Therefore, the interior comfort would not be affected even though the windows maintain open throughout the whole day. B) Promote Greener Technology The natural ventilation for high-rise conditions relatively will reduce air-conditioning loads and thus will minimise the CO2 output produced during the building operational phase. According to the research, carried out by Franklin Andrews, Professor Michael Wigginton of the University of Plymouth and Battle McCarthy, who represent the United Kingdom Department of Environment, Transport and Regions has shown that double skin buildings when compared to advanced single skin building are capable to reduce 50% of CO2 emissions within the cold temperate climate prevalent in the United Kingdom. C) Better acoustic insulation-improve noise protection Besides improved the noise protection, this double skin facade are capable to gain an excellent acoustic insulation magnitude even though under the windows open condition. The magnitude of the acoustic insulation is equal to that obtained in classical glass facade with the windows closed condition. D) Reducing heating energy requirement The air stored in the cavity between the two skins would be heated by the sun rays especially in winter time. Thus improving both the heat-insulating functions of the facade and its thermal performance and subsequently will reducing the heating costs. E) Reducing cooling energy requirement Double skin facade can allow for nigh-time cooling of the interior building with make the window in open during night time and thereby lessening cooling loads of the buildings HVAC system. Thus especially, apply during summer time the night cooling can cut down the building energy consumption particularly the costs of air-conditioning in the summer. F) Exploiting solar power Both energy consumption and costs are possible to reduce by utilize the suns energy particularly with the incorporation of photovoltaic glass. By this method, the air stored inside the cavity will be heat by the solar rays and reduce the energy consumption. G) Increased Natural Daylighting The double skin facade will improves the access of natural light transmission into the building space and thus will produce a better indoor comfort and give positive effect to occupants health and as well as increase the productivity of office personnel. Physically with this increased natural daylighting will cause a significant reduce in the amount of electrical lighting required because the quality of light from natural daylight is more preferential to electrical lighting. H) Fire Escape For some of the widest cavities (normally width range from 600mm to maximum 2m), located between the two skins will be able to provide a fire escape during fire occur. Therefore, with this back up emergency escape will enable the fire brigade to save more life during there is fire to the building. Conclusion The above have indicated the benefit of double skin facade wall and make it gain a lot of popularity throughout the world. References: Construction Technology 5, Heriot-Watt University Franklin Andrews, Professor Michael Wigginton of the University of Plymouth and Battle McCarthy www.glassinbuilding.com/double_skin_facades Coursework Unit 6 (b) The technical challenges that would need to overcome to produce a double skin facade for this building are as below; 1) Overheating challenges The overheating problem may happen especially on warm day where hot air will collects and emerge at the top air space and this may cause the top floor offices suffer due to this overheating issue cause by this accumulation of hot air in the cavity. Therefore, technically approach to overcome this problem is to design the air space. There are two type of air space, undivided air space, and divided air space. The undivided air space will has advantage from the stack effect. On warm days hot air collects at the top of the air space and with the appropriate openings at the top of the cavity, thus will siphon out warm air and at the same time the replacement of cooler air is draw in from the outside. The benefit of divided air space design is it can reduce over-heating particularly on upper floors. It is also can reduce noise, fire and smoke transmission within the division. Moreover, this floor-by-floor divisions add construction simplicity of a repeating unit and in turn can produce economic savings. From the above, indicate that both air space using the natural physics principals (hot air rises) to draw air upward. We need to highlight that the second type; i.e. divided air space by floor is practically apply for fire protection and sound transmission purposes. 2) Maintenance Challenges 2.1 Cleaning Although some of the building which is use the fully glazed double skin facade to achieve an aesthetical pleasing view but its maintenance is critical in terms of cleaning process. The air space need to be cleaned more frequently because this area is tend to emerge of dust particles which is circulates quickly during the ventilation process. From an research carried out by Terri Meyer, Associate Professor, school of Architecture, University of Waterloo indicate that glazed double skin facade need to carried out full cleaning regularly from 2 to 4 times a year. Therefore, the air spaces design criteria need to consider the imparts of cleaning especially for the continuous cavity. Similarly, others barrier elements such as louvers placed within the cavity must be removable in order to facilitate access during cleaning process. Normally a device called bosuns chair platform which is similar to the window washing rig is used to access the interior space of cavity for cleaning purposes. In some double skin facade design an open grates will be put at floor by floor or at particular place act as the cleaner standing platform and without affected the airflow design. For divided air space or cavity, normally the interior windows will function as the access panels for In some instances, where the cavity is more divided, the interior windows, whether operable maintenance purposes. Therefore the design of air space need a consideration to provide an adequate space for maintenance purposes besides the ventilation functionality. The interior clear dimension for air space is usually range from 600 to 900 mm. 2.2 Replacement of Deteriorate Mechanical Part The high-tech mechanic which is incorporated for the functioning of double skin facade (particularly in ventilation process) tend to have a higher failure rate and repair cost. The same mechanics also necessitate higher replacement costs. For instances, the replacement of wiring after a certain number of years. Therefore, a preventive checking is need to carry out frequently in order to detect any mechanical problem in an earlier stage before its give a negative impact onto the ventilation system. Besides, a proper data record and operation manual on those relevant mechanic device also need to be keep properly. Through this data any cases of malfunction of mechanic device would be able to find the direct causes and the solution can be carry out as soon as possible as well as in finding the suitable spare part replacement within a shorter period of time. 3) Control of Natural Ventilation For high-rise building with double skin facade, normally will found a problem on how to control and maintain its natural ventilation (here mean the quality of air) to its occupant. The area between the double skin facade in principle is not affected by high velocity wind because this area have been protected by the exterior skin. Therefore, this region typically will access by the inhabitants for natural ventilation and this will cause some unexpected impact of sound, smoke, noise or heat transfer over this zone either from one section, level or room to the proximity area. In order to eliminates these impact efficiently normally this buffer zone will be propose in compartmentalize design and separate into regions with air supplied by grilles or vents at the individual zone or each level. Then with the use of vents or grilles allows for the control of the incoming air by reducing air velocity, as well as protecting from the rain and reducing the noise transmission from the exterior. R egular cleaning process also need to be carried out in order to make sure that the ventilated air is always in good quality such as out of dust particle. Hence, high-rise building is essentially need to plan and implement this control in order all its occupant will be provide with a natural ventilation. 4) Fire Regulation Although the air space between the skins can be use for fire escape but the fire regulation might cause difficulties if no extra attention is provided. Therefore, for safety measured a proper indication of fire escape route have to provide and place at suitable location at each floor. 5) Reduce of Space As mentioned earlier the width of the cavity can be formed from few centimetres until few meters. So, this will cause some reduce in the building usable space. Therefore, it is significant to find the optimum cavity width in order to gain an optimum office space in this building. 6) Climate In some European country the double skin facade will face the climate issue such as humidity. For those double skin facade associate with the passive design strategies, (i.e. thermal mass) and radiant (hydronic) system , the condensation control will become an issue. Therefore, this critical factor need to be solved in order it would not give a negative comfort effect inside the building. This problem can be technically solved by adopting condensation control through the appropriated mechanical ventilated system, i.e. extract air system. This system normally apply for location where the natural ventilation is not possible (due to it locations inherent with high noise, wind and fume). Through this system the fresh air will be supply by HVAC and it is precludes the natural ventilation. These systems tend not to reduce energy requirements as fresh air changes must be supplied mechanically. In addition, the occupants are advisable not to adjust the temperature even though belong to their individual spaces. However, the priority consideration will still be put on the potential use of natural ventilation. For instances, to come out a desirable hours of natural ventilation scheduled through the utilisation computerise control system can achieve this objective. 7) HVAC Technically Design The HVAC will play a major role for the building where the natural ventilation is not suitable due to its negative climate conditions. Therefore, in cases the functionality of a HVAC system will become a significant point and it will give an impact onto the building ventilation system. So, in order to solve that problem, during the earlier design process need to fully integrates architectural and mechanical concerns is need to fully integrates during the earlier design process. By this earlier stage planning will able to achieve a smooth functioning of HVAC system. In economical point of view it will less costly and it is a wise planning because the cost saving figure is enough to compensate for the construction cost of the second facade. 8) Solar Heat Gain This point come to the issue of excessive of the incoming solar radiation above the comfort level especially in the summer time. So, in order to maintain solar heat gain under a standard design level is by preventing the heat from initially entering the space. Particularly for a highly full glazed building, normally an external shading devices are the most efficient means of reducing solar heat gain. However, this external shading devices need to be cleaned frequently in order its can function effectively. In the other approach is to use the special glazing such as spectally selective glazing and where this glazing materials is able to respond differently to various wavelengths of solar energy or in other means is to permit visible light while rejecting unnecessary invisible infrared heat. An ideal spectrally selective glazing permits only the art of the suns energy which is useful for daylighting. Another type of glass called electrochomic glass also able to improve the solar performance. The type of glass able to change its colour from clear to dark using electrical current. The electrical current can be activated in two ways, either by manually activated or by sensor reaction to the light intensity. In physic principle dark colour glass will reduce solar transmission into the building. Adversely when it is little sunlight, the glass will perform brightens in order to permit more suns ray into the building and minimized usage of artificial light. Both of the above mentioned materials is very practically apply for the full glazed double skin high rise building. Besides, the application of horizontal blind can permit use of daylighting and at the same time still can achieve the exterior view and it is a more economic approaches. 9) DSF Self Loading Transfer. This double skin facade (DSF) especially full glazed type, is unable to take its own load. Therefore, the dead load and imposed load of skins have to transferred to the adjacent structural wall and frames. Therefore, the design of structural wall and frames need to consider to carry the facade skins loading. 10) Installation Process Challenges His installation process is difficult especially for full glazed double skins facade because it is tough to work with the increase of the building height. Also encounter near misses and possibility of the hazard of falling. Besides the wind gust is always a question of safety to its installer. Moreover the are only limited movements in the working place. Therefore, the design of open grates to put at floor by floor to act as the installer standing platform is advisable and can ease the installation process. Conclusion From the above, we have analysed the possible technical challenges of the double skin facade for this propose 10 storey of office. Therefore, the project design team need to consider that technical challenges during the earlier stage of design in order to come out a proper and efficient double skin facade building design in terms of aesthetical pleasing and maintenance capability. References: Construction Technology 5, Heriot-Watt University Terri Meyer, Associate Professor, school of Architecture, University of Waterloo www.glassinbuilding.com/double_skin_facades

The Terminal Tale of Today Will Be A Quiet Day :: Today Will Be a Quiet Day Essays

The Terminal Tale of Today Will Be A Quiet Day  Ã‚        Ã‚   After reading "Today Will Be A Quiet Day" by Amy Hemple, I had an eerie feeling that something bad was going on behind the scenes. I feel that the father has a terminal disease and he wants to happily live out the last few days of his life. I think that there is conclusive evidence that "Today Will Be A Quiet Day" is not a happy story, but in fact a sad one. First of all, death plays a huge role in this story. Death is brought up so many times in this story one can only conclude that there is some kind of foreshadowing going on. For example, the very first line of the story deals with disaster and death. In the first paragraph the boy talks about what would happen if an earthquake occurred while they were on the bridge. He says, "I think if the quake hit now the bridge would collapse and the ramps would be left" (1202). At the end of the first page the father remembers a boy who went to his son’s school who committed suicide. Another part of death in this story is the mention of the family dog that was put to sleep five years ago for biting a little girl. The daughter had always thought that the dog had gone to live in the mountains, but when she finds out that the dog was put to sleep, she gets all upset about her loss. Even the joke about the guillotine that the girl tells involves death. All of these examples are h ints that there is a death in the near future. The fact that the mother is not mentioned throughout the whole story implies that she is no longer around to take care of the children. The father, then, makes little hints about his departure such as, "Who will ever adopt you if you don’t mind your manners" (1204). Although, this may have been a joke it is far too serious to let go. This is a serious sign of a fatal illness. Yet another sign of fatality is the mention of the tombstone, and this is tied directly, and significantly, to the title of the story.

Progression of Photography Essay -- History of Photography

Photography is an affection, a craving and an addiction. It is impossible to explain why people love taking photos, but once people are engaged in photography professionally, nothing will stop them. It has always been a great magic and momentous secret which opens the world to the people, which makes us look at the things used to be taken for granted with special attitude, which makes us ponder over the existing problems. Photography can truly be considered a magical act – here is a little black box that can capture the images of people and wild animals, strange places, and loved ones on a rectangular piece of paper that can be viewed days and years later. This is a visual trick that never ceases to delight the members of the audience, the magician most of all (Watson 78). Photography not only depicts life but also reveals things which are usually hidden behind our indifference, business, and pursuit for money. The word photography comes from two ancient Greek words: photo, for "light," and graph, for "drawing"(The History of Photography). "Drawing with light" is an apt way of describing the artistic field of photography. According to a world-renowned photographer, Ansel Adams, â€Å"You don’t take a photograph, you create it.† Each time a photograph is made, light or some other form of radiant energy, such as x-rays, is used to record an image of an object or scene on a light-sensitive surface at a specific time point (Watson 79). In the infancy of photography these recorded images were called sun pictures or heliograph. This was because sunlight was used to create the image. Mankind has been recording images at since the cave paintings of some 20,000 years ago. With the invention of photography, a realistic image that would have ta... ...ain — thereby giving you the ability to experiment with your photos in a way which was never possible with the film camera. So now most of the processing is electronic in the form of 0s and 1s as opposed to the mechanical and chemical operation in the traditional cameras. The cameras that operate based on this principle are known as digital cameras and the art of making digital images is called digital photography. Works Cited "Digital Photography." Digital - Photography - Tips. Web. 18 Feb. 2011. http://www.digital-photography-tips.net/history-of-digital-phtography-early-days.html. "History of Photography." About Inventors. About.com, Web. 17 Feb. 2011. http://inventors.about.com/od/pstartinventionsa/stillphotography.html. "What is Digital Photography." Make Use Of. Web. 16 Feb. 2011. www.makeuseof.com/tag/technology-explained-digital-photography/.

George Orwell :: essays research papers

Eng. 12 Essay #3 Revision Save Face Or Do What’s Right? In the essay "Shooting an elephant" George Orwell describes an incident he had while working as an Imperial Police officer in Burma. An elephant had gone out of control and was loose in a town. He was forced to make a decision on whether to follow the will of the local people, or to save the elephant's life. Orwell knew it was wrong to kill the elephant. He had not wanted to from the beginning. He had brought a gun just in case he might need it. When he finally came to the elephant, who was peacefully eating outside of the town it no longer posed a threat. But, a large group of people had formed behind him, and they were now expecting him to kill the elephant, giving them a show and some food. The people who had abused him the entire time he had been in Burma now found him worth some interest. If he didn't kill the elephant, he would be disappointing all of the people. He considered it his job at that point to impress the people. So he killed the elephant for the people, hoping to gain respect from them. In my personal experience, I was once faced with a situation like Orwells. I was put in a situation where I had the choice of saving face or doing what was right, unlike Orwell I chose to do what was right. This passed week it happened, A couple of friends were going to Philadelphia to go to a overnight club. They were going to stay there for three days, which meant I would have missed three days of school and work. My friends were pressuring me to go, fortunately for me I don’t care what people say or think about me. They called me names. They said I was chicken, nothing serious, but it hurts when your own friends call you names. When they were leaving they called me one last time. They kept pressuring me to go. Like In "